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The engineering, explained

Reference explainers on the systems this work touches: power system stability, grid digitalisation and the security of industrial control networks. Written to be cited — every claim carries its source, and nothing is published before it has been checked.

Why AI is power-bound, not GPU-bound

Trillions of dollars are trying to become megawatts. The conversion is rate-limited by transformers, interconnection queues and physics — not by chips.

AI compute infrastructureGrid connectionElectricity networks
4 min · 2026-08-30

Grid inertia and the 50 Hz constraint

Why the physical inertia of spinning machines sets the speed limit on the energy transition, and what replaces it when the machines are gone.

Power system stabilityGrid inertiaFrequency control
4 min · 2026-08-30

IT/OT convergence in railway traction power

Why connecting railway traction power control systems to enterprise IT inverts the usual security priorities, and what the governing standards actually require.

IT/OT convergenceRailway traction powerOperational technology security
4 min · 2026-08-30